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500 CE – 1500 CE

Polities of the Middle Ages

1,780 polities whose span overlaps this band, grouped by region and listed in order.

Europe · 182

European tribal peoples Attested 3000 BCE – 1930 CE Germanic and Slavic tribes Attested 3000 BCE – 1200 CE Saami Attested 1500 BCE – 700 CE Armenia Attested 323 BCE – 2026 CE Alans Attested 100 CE – 1100 CE Goths 100 CE – 1475 CE Sámi Attested 200 CE – 1530 CE San Marino Founded 301 CE · attested to 1815 CE Byzantine Empire 395 CE – 1453 CE Eastern Roman Empire 395 CE – 1453 CE Western Roman Empire 395 CE – 500 CE Burgunds Attested 400 CE – 500 CE Dumnonia 400 CE – 927 CE Franks Attested 400 CE – 500 CE Ostrogoths Attested 400 CE – 600 CE Swedes Attested 400 CE – 700 CE Visigoths Attested 400 CE – 500 CE Visigothic Kingdom 476 CE – 718 CE France Founded 481 CE · attested to 2026 CE Frankish Kingdom 481 CE – 843 CE Anglo-Saxons Founded 500 CE · attested to 500 CE Armorica Attested 500 CE Basks Attested 500 CE Principality of Kyiv 500 CE – 1471 CE Saxons Founded 500 CE · attested to 700 CE Sveves Attested 500 CE Turingians Attested 500 CE Vandals Attested 500 CE Neustria 511 CE – 977 CE Wessex 519 CE – 927 CE Mercia 527 CE – 918 CE Avars Attested 600 CE – 900 CE Broërec Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Bulgars Attested 600 CE – 900 CE Cantia Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Danes Attested 600 CE – 900 CE Frisians Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Guta Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Khazars 600 CE – 1048 CE Lombard principalities Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Slavs Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Vasconia Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Venice 697 CE – 1797 CE Aures Attested 700 CE Balts Attested 700 CE Czechs Attested 700 CE – 800 CE Danube Bulgars Attested 700 CE East Getaes Attested 700 CE Georgian Kingdom Attested 700 CE Kryvichs Attested 700 CE Lake Segozerskoye Attested 700 CE Lake Vygozero Attested 700 CE Magyars Attested 700 CE – 1000 CE Moravians Attested 700 CE Polanes Attested 700 CE Proto-Slavs Attested 700 CE Rus' Khaganate 700 CE – 900 CE Sabirs Attested 700 CE Severians Attested 700 CE Warsenis Attested 700 CE West Getaes Attested 700 CE Papal States 754 CE – 1870 CE Caliphate of Córdoba 756 CE – 1000 CE Emirate of Córdoba 756 CE – 929 CE Asturias Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Baltic tribes Attested 800 CE – 1000 CE Britany Attested 800 CE – 1530 CE Carolingian Empire 800 CE – 900 CE Celtic kingdoms Attested 800 CE – 1200 CE Cyprus Attested 800 CE – 2026 CE Denmark Founded 800 CE · attested to 2026 CE Essex Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Ests Attested 800 CE Finns Attested 800 CE Irlanda Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Karelians Attested 800 CE – 1000 CE Kent Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Lombard duchies Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Northmen Attested 800 CE Nothumbria Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Picts Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Scots Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Slavonic tribes Attested 800 CE Swedes and Goths Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Veps Attested 800 CE Welsh Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Emirate of Sicily 831 CE – 1072 CE Great Moravia 833 CE – 907 CE East Francia 843 CE – 962 CE Scotland Founded 843 CE · attested to 1600 CE West Francia 843 CE – 987 CE Pechenegs 860 CE – 1091 CE Kievan Rus 882 CE – 1240 CE Kyivan Rus 882 CE – 1240 CE England Founded 886 CE · attested to 1500 CE Chelmia Attested 900 CE Chuds Attested 900 CE – 1000 CE Croatian kingdom Attested 900 CE Kingdom of Norway Founded 900 CE · attested to 900 CE Norway Founded 900 CE · attested to 2026 CE Polyanians Attested 900 CE Principality of Polotsk 900 CE – 1397 CE Serbia Attested 900 CE – 2026 CE Slavic tribes Attested 900 CE Sweden Founded 900 CE · attested to 2026 CE Duchy of Swabia 917 CE – 1313 CE Icelandic Commonwealth 930 CE – 1262 CE Holy Roman Empire 962 CE – 1806 CE Kingdom of France 987 CE – 1791 CE Aragón Attested 1000 CE – 1500 CE Bulgar Khanate Attested 1000 CE – 1400 CE Burgandy Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Castilla Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Corsica Attested 1000 CE – 1400 CE Croatia Attested 1000 CE – 2026 CE Denmark-Norway Attested 1000 CE – 1800 CE Dutchy of Benevento Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Georgia Attested 1000 CE – 2026 CE Hungary Founded 1000 CE · attested to 2026 CE Kingdom of Georgia 1000 CE – 1466 CE Kingdom of Hungary 1000 CE – 1946 CE Kurs Attested 1000 CE León Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Navarre Attested 1000 CE – 1500 CE Poland Attested 1000 CE – 2026 CE Pomerania Attested 1000 CE Prussians Attested 1000 CE – 1100 CE Samis Attested 1000 CE – 1300 CE Sardinia Attested 1000 CE – 1715 CE Suomi Attested 1000 CE Almoravid dynasty 1040 CE – 1147 CE Schleswig 1058 CE – 1866 CE Württemberg 1083 CE – 1952 CE Ryazan 1097 CE – 1521 CE Hohenzollern Founded 1100 CE · attested to 1815 CE Karakalpaks Attested 1100 CE Baden Founded 1112 CE · attested to 1815 CE Almohad Caliphate 1121 CE – 1269 CE Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal 1125 CE – 1389 CE Portugal Founded 1128 CE · attested to 2026 CE Novgorod 1136 CE – 1478 CE Principality of Novgorod 1136 CE – 1478 CE Angevin Empire 1154 CE – 1242 CE Teutonic Knights Founded 1190 CE · attested to 1500 CE Principality of Galicia-Volhynia 1199 CE – 1349 CE Comté de Toulouse Attested 1200 CE Other Rus Principalities Attested 1200 CE Blue Horde Founded 1227 CE · attested to 1400 CE Hafsid Caliphate 1229 CE – 1574 CE Zayyanid Caliphate 1236 CE – 1556 CE Grand Duchy of Moscow 1263 CE – 1547 CE Andorra Founded 1278 CE · attested to 2026 CE Castile Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE English territory Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Granada Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Lithuania Attested 1279 CE – 2026 CE Seljuk Caliphate Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Sicily Attested 1279 CE – 1715 CE Trebizond Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Ottoman Empire 1299 CE – 1922 CE Ottoman Sultanate 1299 CE – 1930 CE Beylik of Aydin 1300 CE – 1426 CE Raška Attested 1300 CE Kingdom of Sardinia 1324 CE – 1861 CE Romania Founded 1330 CE · attested to 2026 CE Pskov 1348 CE – 1510 CE Milan 1395 CE – 1797 CE Milano (Austria) 1395 CE – 1797 CE Kalmar Union 1397 CE – 1523 CE Bosnia Attested 1400 CE Moldova Attested 1400 CE – 2026 CE Poland-Lithuania Attested 1400 CE – 1500 CE Principality of Wallachia Attested 1400 CE Crimean Khanate 1441 CE – 1783 CE Astrakhan Khanate 1466 CE – 1556 CE Holstein Founded 1474 CE · attested to 1815 CE Habsburg Netherlands 1482 CE – 1797 CE Castille Attested 1492 CE – 1500 CE Imperial Hungary Attested 1492 CE – 1500 CE Scottland Attested 1492 CE – 1500 CE Swiss Confederation Attested 1492 CE – 1783 CE Novgorod-Seversky Attested 1500 CE

Middle East · 49

Egypt Attested 3000 BCE – 2026 CE Blemmyes Attested 500 BCE – 700 CE Hadramaut Attested 323 BCE – 1700 CE Arabs Attested 200 BCE – 1500 CE Himyarite Kingdom 109 BCE – 525 CE Axum Attested 1 BCE – 900 CE Sasanian Empire 224 CE – 700 CE Nobatia 400 CE – 700 CE Persia Attested 400 CE – 1914 CE Shirvan Founded 400 CE · attested to 1100 CE Makkura 500 CE – 1518 CE Alwa Attested 600 CE – 1500 CE Hejaz Attested 600 CE – 1938 CE Mazun Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Sasanian dependencies Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Bega Attested 700 CE Cuacasian Albania Attested 700 CE Huns Attested 700 CE Kwarezm Attested 700 CE Western Gokturk Khaganate Attested 700 CE Emirate of Tiflis 740 CE – 1122 CE Abbasid Caliphate 750 CE – 1258 CE Saffarids 861 CE – 1003 CE Bejas Attested 900 CE Arran Attested 1000 CE – 1100 CE Buwayhid Emirates Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Muscat Attested 1000 CE – 1500 CE Yemen Attested 1000 CE – 2026 CE Kakheti-Hereti 1020 CE – 1104 CE Seljuk Empire 1037 CE – 1194 CE Artsakh Attested 1100 CE Derbent Attested 1100 CE Durdzuks Attested 1100 CE Goghtn Attested 1100 CE Khundzi Attested 1100 CE Leks Attested 1100 CE Maskat Attested 1100 CE Oghuz Attested 1100 CE Syunik Attested 1100 CE Tashir Attested 1100 CE Ifat Attested 1200 CE White Horde 1227 CE – 1500 CE Khanate of the Golden Horde 1243 CE – 1502 CE Mamluke Sultanate 1250 CE – 1517 CE Ilkhanate 1256 CE – 1335 CE Timurid Emirates Founded 1370 CE · attested to 1500 CE Timurid Empire 1370 CE – 1507 CE Emirate of the White Sheep Turks Attested 1492 CE – 1500 CE Funj 1492 CE – 1821 CE

South Asia · 82

Gandhāra 750 BCE – 535 CE Hindu kingdoms Attested 500 BCE – 1715 CE Simhala Attested 500 BCE – 700 CE Zhangzhung Kingdom 500 BCE – 625 CE Cholas 299 BCE – 1279 CE Pandyas 299 BCE – 1650 CE Arakan Attested 200 BCE – 1815 CE Kalinga Attested 1 BCE – 1000 CE Bagan Founded 200 CE · attested to 1200 CE Vakataka 250 CE – 500 CE Pallava 275 CE – 900 CE Pallavas 275 CE – 897 CE Gupta Empire 300 CE – 550 CE Kadambas 345 CE – 525 CE Western Gangas 350 CE – 1000 CE Cheras Attested 500 CE – 700 CE Kushan Principalities Attested 500 CE Vishnu-Kundins Attested 500 CE Chalukya Empire 543 CE – 1200 CE Chalukyas 543 CE – 1200 CE Chauhans Attested 600 CE – 1100 CE Kanauj Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Shaskanka Attested 600 CE Tibetan Empire 618 CE – 900 CE Tufan Empire 618 CE – 842 CE Hindu states Attested 700 CE – 900 CE Kingdom of Kapisa Attested 700 CE Kingdom of Kashmir Attested 700 CE Kingdom of Sind Attested 700 CE Kingdom of Zunbil Attested 700 CE Maitraka Kingdom Attested 700 CE Palas Attested 700 CE – 1100 CE Rashtrakuta 753 CE – 982 CE Gurjara Pratihara 800 CE – 1036 CE Pallava state Attested 800 CE Pandya state Attested 800 CE – 1400 CE Pratiharas 800 CE – 1100 CE Rashtrakuta state Attested 800 CE Sinhalese kingdoms Attested 800 CE – 1500 CE Vallabhi Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Chandellas 831 CE – 1311 CE Hindu Shahis 850 CE – 1026 CE Banas Attested 900 CE Lambakannas Attested 900 CE Multan Attested 900 CE – 1783 CE Sindh Attested 900 CE – 1800 CE Somvamsis Attested 900 CE Vengi Attested 900 CE Buyid Emirate 934 CE – 1062 CE Solankis 940 CE – 1244 CE Western Chalukyas 973 CE – 1189 CE Chola state Attested 1000 CE – 1400 CE Ghaznavid Emirate Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Orissa Attested 1000 CE – 1600 CE Rajput Kingdoms Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Senas Attested 1000 CE – 1100 CE Tibet Attested 1000 CE – 1960 CE Klachuris Attested 1100 CE Paramas Attested 1100 CE Soomra Emirate Attested 1100 CE Bhutan Attested 1200 CE – 2026 CE Buyiids Attested 1200 CE Kwarizm-Shah Attested 1200 CE Nepal Attested 1200 CE – 2026 CE Sultanate of Delhi 1200 CE – 1526 CE Kashmir and Ladakh Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE minor Hindu kingdoms Attested 1279 CE – 1300 CE Sinhalese kingdom Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Bahmani Kingdom 1347 CE – 1527 CE Ahmadnagar Attested 1492 CE – 1650 CE Bengal Attested 1492 CE – 1783 CE Berar Attested 1492 CE Bidar Attested 1492 CE – 1650 CE Bijapur Attested 1492 CE – 1650 CE Golkonda Attested 1492 CE – 1650 CE Gondwana Attested 1492 CE Gujarat Attested 1492 CE Punjab Attested 1492 CE Rajastan Attested 1492 CE – 1500 CE Sind Attested 1492 CE – 1783 CE Vijayanagara Attested 1492 CE – 1650 CE Islamic states Attested 1500 CE

East Asia · 88

Ainu Attested 3000 BCE – 1700 CE Austronesian peoples Attested 2000 BCE – 1994 CE Paleo-Siberian hunter-gatherers Attested 2000 BCE – 1200 CE Xiongnu 400 BCE – 500 CE Yayoi Attested 400 BCE – 700 CE Southern Xiongnu 300 BCE – 500 CE Malays Attested 200 BCE – 1200 CE Tungus Attested 200 BCE – 900 CE Silla 56 BCE – 900 CE Koguryo 36 BCE – 700 CE Paekche 17 BCE – 700 CE Hainan Attested 1 BCE – 1400 CE Funan 68 CE – 600 CE Champa 192 CE – 1832 CE Jin Empire 266 CE – 500 CE Kamarupa 350 CE – 1200 CE Kurykans Attested 500 CE Lavo Attested 500 CE Toba Wei Attested 500 CE Yamato Attested 500 CE – 900 CE Chen-La 550 CE – 800 CE Göktürks 552 CE – 700 CE Sui Empire 581 CE – 700 CE Dvaravati 600 CE – 1100 CE minor states under Indian influence Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Thai Kingdoms Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Tang Empire 618 CE – 907 CE Harapunchai 661 CE – 1292 CE Haripunjaya 661 CE – 1292 CE Balhae 698 CE – 926 CE Parhae 698 CE – 926 CE Nan-Zhao Attested 700 CE Japan Attested 800 CE – 2026 CE Malay Attested 800 CE – 900 CE minor Hindu & Buddhist states Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Mon state Attested 800 CE – 1200 CE Nan Chao Attested 800 CE – 1200 CE Ouighurs Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Pyu state Attested 800 CE – 1200 CE Rajput Clans and Small States Attested 800 CE Silia Attested 800 CE Khmer Empire 802 CE – 1431 CE Kingdom of Pagan 849 CE – 1297 CE Khitans Attested 900 CE Mon States Attested 900 CE Pagan Attested 900 CE – 1400 CE Goryeo 918 CE – 1392 CE Song Empire 960 CE – 1279 CE Annam Attested 1000 CE – 1945 CE Imperial Japan (Fujiwara) Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Korea Attested 1000 CE – 1900 CE Liao Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE minor Hindu and Buddhist states Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Xixia 1000 CE – 1227 CE Đại Việt 1054 CE – 1805 CE Kingdom of Sukhotai Attested 1100 CE Lopburi Kingdom Attested 1100 CE Mongols Attested 1100 CE Champa City States Attested 1200 CE Mongol Empire 1200 CE – 1368 CE Taiwanese Tribes Attested 1200 CE Tungusic Tribes Attested 1200 CE Siam Founded 1238 CE · attested to 1938 CE Thailand Founded 1238 CE · attested to 2026 CE Russia Founded 1263 CE · attested to 2026 CE Great Khanate 1271 CE – 1400 CE Aceh Attested 1279 CE – 1600 CE Ainus Attested 1279 CE – 1500 CE Luva Attested 1279 CE – 1300 CE Shogun Japan (Kamakura) Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Siberians Attested 1279 CE – 1500 CE Sukhothai Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Lan Na 1292 CE – 1775 CE minor Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms Attested 1300 CE – 1400 CE Chūzan 1314 CE – 1429 CE Hokuzan 1314 CE – 1416 CE Nanzan 1314 CE – 1429 CE Brunei Founded 1368 CE · attested to 2026 CE Ming Empire 1368 CE – 1644 CE Ayutthaya Attested 1400 CE – 1715 CE Burmese kingdoms Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Cambodia Attested 1492 CE – 2026 CE Laos Attested 1492 CE – 2026 CE Malacca Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Pegu Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Philippines Founded 1492 CE · attested to 2026 CE Taiwan Attested 1492 CE – 2026 CE Ming Chinese Empire Attested 1500 CE – 1600 CE

Africa · 59

Berbers Attested 1500 BCE – 900 CE Guanches Attested 1500 BCE – 1815 CE Khoiasan Attested 1500 BCE – 1500 CE West African cereal farmers Attested 1500 BCE – 1500 CE Mauretania 300 BCE – 698 CE Empire of Ghana 100 CE – 1200 CE Vazimba Attested 600 CE – 700 CE Ibadites Founded 601 CE · attested to 1200 CE Umayyad Caliphate 661 CE – 750 CE Barghawata 700 CE – 1058 CE Ethiopian HIghland Peoples Attested 700 CE Kushites Attested 700 CE Mauri Attested 700 CE Saharan Nomadic Tribes Attested 700 CE Morocco Founded 789 CE · attested to 2026 CE Morocco (France) Founded 789 CE · attested to 1938 CE Aghlabid Emirate 800 CE – 909 CE Bantou Attested 800 CE – 1500 CE Ghana Attested 800 CE – 2026 CE Idrisid Caliphate Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Kanem Attested 800 CE – 1200 CE Malagasy Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Azandes Attested 900 CE Bedouins Attested 900 CE Cushites Attested 900 CE Hausa States 900 CE – 1808 CE Mandes Attested 900 CE Tuaregs Attested 900 CE Fatimid Caliphate 909 CE – 1200 CE Expansionist Kingdom of Merina Attested 1000 CE – 1815 CE Great Zimbabwe Attested 1000 CE – 1400 CE Islamic city-states Attested 1000 CE – 1600 CE Madagascar Attested 1000 CE – 2026 CE Mali Attested 1000 CE – 2026 CE Takrur Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Kanem-Bornu 1100 CE – 1900 CE Berber Tribes Attested 1200 CE Tuareg Nomadic Tribes Attested 1200 CE Abdelouadides Attested 1279 CE Benin Attested 1279 CE – 2026 CE Bornu-Kanem Attested 1279 CE – 1815 CE Ethiopia Attested 1279 CE – 2026 CE Merinides Attested 1279 CE Shoa Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Touareg Attested 1279 CE Buganda 1420 CE – 1966 CE Mwenemutapa 1430 CE – 1760 CE Portuguese Guinea 1474 CE – 1974 CE Adal Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Akan Attested 1492 CE – 1700 CE Congo Attested 1492 CE – 2026 CE Mossi States Attested 1492 CE – 1900 CE Ndongo 1492 CE – 1683 CE Oyo Attested 1492 CE – 1900 CE Songhai Attested 1492 CE – 1800 CE Wattasid Caliphate Attested 1492 CE – 1500 CE Mozambique (Portugal) 1498 CE – 1975 CE Portuguese East Africa 1498 CE – 1975 CE Nkore 1500 CE – 1967 CE

Americas · 1,282

Arctic marine mammal hunters Attested 2000 BCE – 1200 CE Maya chiefdoms and states 2000 BCE – 1521 CE Amazon hunter-gatherers Attested 1500 BCE – 1783 CE Andean hunter-gatherers Attested 1500 BCE – 1783 CE Caribbean hunter-gatherers Attested 1500 BCE – 1650 CE Desert hunter-gatherers Attested 1500 BCE – 1500 CE Eastern North Amercian hunter-gatherers Attested 1500 BCE – 1400 CE North American Pacifi foraging, hunting and fishing peoples Attested 1500 BCE – 1500 CE Pampas cultures Attested 1500 BCE – 1815 CE Patagonian shellfish and marine mammal hunters Attested 1500 BCE – 1815 CE Plain bison hunters Attested 1500 BCE – 1500 CE Plateau fichers and hunter gatherers Attested 1500 BCE – 1530 CE Poverty point culture Attested 1500 BCE – 500 CE Savanna hunter-gatherers Attested 1500 BCE – 1783 CE Shellfish gatherers Attested 1500 BCE – 800 CE Subarctic forest hunter-gatherers Attested 1500 BCE – 1715 CE Muisca Founded 600 BCE · attested to 1492 CE Monte Albán Attested 323 BCE – 700 CE Teotihuacán Attested 323 BCE – 700 CE Copena Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Couture Complex Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Fourche Maline Culture Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Goodall Focus Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Hopewell Culture Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Laurel complex Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Marksville Culture Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Mill Creek Culture Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Miller Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Nazca Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Point Peninsula Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Porter Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Saugeen Complex Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Swift Creek Culture Attested 100 BCE – 500 CE Moche Attested 1 BCE – 700 CE Hohokam 300 CE – 1500 CE Caloosahatchee culture 500 CE – 1750 CE Caloosahatchee cultureure 500 CE – 1750 CE Dorset Attested 500 CE – 1400 CE Maya states Attested 500 CE – 700 CE Veracruz civilization Attested 500 CE – 700 CE Huari Empire 600 CE – 1200 CE Tiahuanaco Empire Attested 600 CE – 1200 CE Toltec Empire 674 CE – 1200 CE Anasazi Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Arawaks Attested 800 CE – 1300 CE Athabaskan Attested 800 CE – 1650 CE Beothuk Attested 800 CE – 1600 CE Ciboney Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Innu Attested 800 CE – 1500 CE Maya city-states Attested 800 CE – 1500 CE Mesoamerican city-states and chiefdoms Attested 800 CE – 1200 CE Mixtecs Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Mogollon Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Thule Attested 800 CE – 1500 CE Tupis Attested 800 CE – 900 CE Qom Founded 805 CE · attested to 1492 CE Chimú 850 CE – 1492 CE Chimú Empire 850 CE – 1470 CE Boethuk Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Guanahatabeyes Attested 1000 CE – 1400 CE Polynesians Attested 1000 CE – 1880 CE Taino Attested 1000 CE – 1492 CE Aymara kingdoms 1200 CE – 1438 CE Chankas 1200 CE – 1533 CE Andean states and chiefdoms Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Mixtec Empire Attested 1279 CE – 1500 CE Shuar Attested 1279 CE – 1815 CE Zapotec Empire Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Aztec Empire 1325 CE – 1521 CE Kalinago Attested 1400 CE Inca Empire 1438 CE – 1600 CE 'Amuwu Attested 1492 CE [Gáuigú (Kiowa) Attested 1492 CE Á,LEṈENEȻ ȽTE (W̱SÁNEĆ) Attested 1492 CE A'i Cofán/Kofán Attested 1492 CE A'uwe Attested 1492 CE Abenaki / Abénaquis Attested 1492 CE Abipones Attested 1492 CE Abitibiwinni Aki Attested 1492 CE Accomack Attested 1492 CE Achagua Attested 1492 CE Aché Attested 1492 CE Achí Attested 1492 CE Achires Attested 1492 CE Acho Dene Koe Attested 1492 CE Achuar Attested 1492 CE Achumawi Attested 1492 CE Acjachemen (Juaneño) Attested 1492 CE Adena Attested 1492 CE Ahantchuyuk Attested 1492 CE Ahé (Kawahib) Attested 1492 CE Ahtna Nenn’ Attested 1492 CE Aikanã Attested 1492 CE Ais Attested 1492 CE Akaitcho Attested 1492 CE Akawaio/Akawayo Attested 1492 CE Akimel O'odham (Upper Pima) Attested 1492 CE Akokisa Attested 1492 CE Akwê Attested 1492 CE Alazapas Attested 1492 CE Älsé (Alsea) Attested 1492 CE Alutiiq (Sugpiaq) Attested 1492 CE Amahuaca Attested 1492 CE Ambaló Attested 1492 CE Amboca Attested 1492 CE Amorúa Attested 1492 CE Anambé Attested 1492 CE Andoa Attested 1492 CE Angaité Attested 1492 CE Anishinabewaki ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᐗᑭ Attested 1492 CE Añuu Attested 1492 CE Aónikenk (Tehuelche) Attested 1492 CE Apalachees Attested 1492 CE Aparai Attested 1492 CE Apiaká Attested 1492 CE Apinayé Attested 1492 CE Appamattuck Attested 1492 CE Apsaalooké (Crow) Attested 1492 CE Apyãwa Attested 1492 CE Arabela Attested 1492 CE Araona Attested 1492 CE Arapaho Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Arara of Volta Grande Attested 1492 CE Arikapú Attested 1492 CE Arosaguntacook Attested 1492 CE Arrohatec Attested 1492 CE Aruá Attested 1492 CE Aseniwuche Winewak (Rocky Mountain) Attested 1492 CE Ashaninka Attested 1492 CE Asheninka Attested 1492 CE Assiniboine Attested 1492 CE Atakapa Ishak Chawasha Attested 1492 CE Atakapa-Ishak Attested 1492 CE Atfalati Attested 1492 CE Atikum-Umã Attested 1492 CE Atsugewi Attested 1492 CE Attiwonderonk (Neutral) Attested 1492 CE Aucocisco Attested 1492 CE Awá Attested 1492 CE Ãwa Attested 1492 CE Awaeté Attested 1492 CE Awaeté (Asurini of the Xingu) Attested 1492 CE Awajún Attested 1492 CE Awaswas Attested 1492 CE Awytyza Attested 1492 CE Ayahuacas Attested 1492 CE Aymara Attested 1492 CE Ayoreo Attested 1492 CE Ayuukjä'äy (Mixe) Attested 1492 CE Banawá Attested 1492 CE Barasano/Panenoá Attested 1492 CE Baré Attested 1492 CE Barí Attested 1492 CE Batsil Winik' Otik (Tzotzil) Attested 1492 CE Baure Attested 1492 CE Beaver Attested 1492 CE Beaver Lake Cree Attested 1492 CE Ben 'Zaa/Binnizá/Mén Diiste/Bene Xhon (Zapoteco) Attested 1492 CE Betoy Attested 1492 CE Bia Mbyá Attested 1492 CE Bidai Attested 1492 CE Bïde Attested 1492 CE Big Stone Cree Attested 1492 CE Biloxi Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Bodéwadmiakiwen (Potawatomi) Attested 1492 CE Boe Attested 1492 CE Bohanes Attested 1492 CE Bora Attested 1492 CE Boriken Taino Attested 1492 CE Bostos Attested 1492 CE Bribri Attested 1492 CE Brothertown Attested 1492 CE Brunka Attested 1492 CE Buglé and Ngäbé Attested 1492 CE Cabiyari/Kawiyarí Attested 1492 CE Caddo Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Cahita Attested 1492 CE Cahto Attested 1492 CE Cahuilla Attested 1492 CE Caldwell Attested 1492 CE Calicuas Attested 1492 CE Calusa Attested 1492 CE – 1500 CE Calvas Attested 1492 CE Canela Apanyekrá Attested 1492 CE Canela Ramkokamekrá Attested 1492 CE Canichana Attested 1492 CE Cape Fear Attested 1492 CE Carcross/Tagish First Nation (BC) Attested 1492 CE Carcross/Tagish First Nation (Yukon) Attested 1492 CE Cascades Attested 1492 CE Catawba Attested 1492 CE – 1700 CE Caxas Attested 1492 CE Caxcan Attested 1492 CE Cayubaba Attested 1492 CE Cayuse, Umatilla and Walla Walla Attested 1492 CE Central Pomo Attested 1492 CE Ch'orti' Attested 1492 CE Chachi Attested 1492 CE Chafan Attested 1492 CE Chahta Yakni (Choctaw) Attested 1492 CE ChalAt’i’lo t’sikAti (Chalat’) Attested 1492 CE Chalon Attested 1492 CE Chamicuro Attested 1492 CE Champagne & Aishihik Attested 1492 CE Chaná Attested 1492 CE Chané Attested 1492 CE Chango Attested 1492 CE Chaparra Attested 1492 CE Chapra Attested 1492 CE Charka Attested 1492 CE Charrúa Attested 1492 CE Chehalis Attested 1492 CE Chelamela Attested 1492 CE Chelan Attested 1492 CE Chemapho Attested 1492 CE Chepenefa Attested 1492 CE Cheraw Attested 1492 CE Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Attested 1492 CE Cherokee (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Chesapeake Attested 1492 CE Cheyenne Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Cheyenne-Arapaho (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Chiapaneco Attested 1492 CE Chibuleo Attested 1492 CE Chichas Attested 1492 CE Chickahominy Attested 1492 CE Chickasaw (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Chicora Attested 1492 CE Chikashsha Yaki (Chickasaw) Attested 1492 CE Chilula Attested 1492 CE Chimacum Attested 1492 CE Chimariko (territory) Attested 1492 CE Chinantla (Tsa ju jmí’) Attested 1492 CE Chinook Attested 1492 CE Chiquitano Attested 1492 CE Chiricahua Apache Attested 1492 CE Chiso Founded 1492 CE · attested to 1492 CE Chit-dee-ni (Chetco) Attested 1492 CE Chitimacha Attested 1492 CE Chitonahua/Murunahua Attested 1492 CE Chochenyo Attested 1492 CE Choctaw (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Cholulteca Founded 1492 CE · attested to 1492 CE Chono Attested 1492 CE Chontal de Guerrero – Tuxteco Attested 1492 CE Chopcca Attested 1492 CE Chorotega Attested 1492 CE Chowanoke Attested 1492 CE Chukchansi Attested 1492 CE Chumash Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Ciguayo Attested 1492 CE Clackamas Attested 1492 CE Clatskanie Attested 1492 CE Clatsop Attested 1492 CE Coahuiltecan Attested 1492 CE Coast Salish Attested 1492 CE Coast Yuki Attested 1492 CE Coca Attested 1492 CE Cochimí Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Coharie Attested 1492 CE Colville Attested 1492 CE Comca’ac (Seri) Attested 1492 CE Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Attested 1492 CE Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians Attested 1492 CE Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Attested 1492 CE Confederated Villages of Lisjan Attested 1492 CE Congaree Attested 1492 CE Coos, Lower Umpqua, Siuslaw Attested 1492 CE Copuces Attested 1492 CE Coquille Attested 1492 CE Coree Attested 1492 CE Cow Creek Umpqua Attested 1492 CE Cowlitz Attested 1492 CE Coyutecos (Nahua) Attested 1492 CE Cree Attested 1492 CE – 1700 CE Croatan Attested 1492 CE Cuica Attested 1492 CE Cuicuilco Attested 1492 CE Cuitlatec Attested 1492 CE Cupeño Attested 1492 CE Cuttatawomen Attested 1492 CE Da’naxda’xw Awaetlatla Attested 1492 CE Dakeł Keyoh (ᑕᗸᒡ ᗲᘏᑋ) Attested 1492 CE Dau Nom Wintu Attested 1492 CE Dau Pom Wintu Attested 1492 CE Dâw Attested 1492 CE Deg Xit'an Ngan' (Deg Xit'an) Attested 1492 CE Dehcho Dene Attested 1492 CE Dena'ina Ełnena Attested 1492 CE Dene Tha' Attested 1492 CE Dënéndeh Attested 1492 CE Denendeh (Dënësųłinë́ Nëné) Attested 1492 CE Deni Attested 1492 CE Diaguita Attested 1492 CE Diné Bikéyah Attested 1492 CE Ditidaht Attested 1492 CE ditidaqiic̓aq disib̓aʔk (Ditidaht) Attested 1492 CE Djeoromitxí Attested 1492 CE Doeg Attested 1492 CE Dokapuara (Tuyuca) Attested 1492 CE Duwamish Attested 1492 CE Dyo'xaiya-o-Ivo'tsa (Okaina) Attested 1492 CE E'ñepá Attested 1492 CE Eastern Mono/Monache Attested 1492 CE Eastern Nehântick Attested 1492 CE Eastern Pomo Attested 1492 CE Eastern Shawnee (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Eastern Shoshone Attested 1492 CE Ecuana Attested 1492 CE Eduria (Taiwano) Attested 1492 CE Eeyou Istchee Attested 1492 CE El Pom Wintu Attested 1492 CE Emberá Attested 1492 CE Emberá Chamí Attested 1492 CE Emberá Dobidá Attested 1492 CE Emberá Katío/Eyabida Attested 1492 CE Emberá/Eperara/Épera Attested 1492 CE Enawenê-nawê Attested 1492 CE Enenlhet-Toba Attested 1492 CE Enlhet Attested 1492 CE Enlhet-Enenlhet Attested 1492 CE Eno Attested 1492 CE Entiat Attested 1492 CE Envuga (Kawahib) Attested 1492 CE Enxet Attested 1492 CE Épera Attested 1492 CE Eperara Siapidara Attested 1492 CE Erie Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Esketemculeucw (Esk'etemc) Attested 1492 CE Esse ejja Attested 1492 CE Esselen Attested 1492 CE Eyak Attested 1492 CE Féénemɨnaa Attested 1492 CE Fernandeño Tataviam Attested 1492 CE Garífuna Attested 1492 CE Garrochambas Attested 1492 CE Gitanyow Lax’yip Attested 1492 CE Gitga’at Attested 1492 CE Gitga’at Lax Yuup Attested 1492 CE Gitxaała Attested 1492 CE Gitx̱san Lax̱yip Attested 1492 CE Goshute Attested 1492 CE Graton Rancheria Attested 1492 CE Guacata Attested 1492 CE Guachichil Attested 1492 CE Guahibo/Hiwi Attested 1492 CE Guajajara Attested 1492 CE Guamares Attested 1492 CE Guaná Attested 1492 CE Guanaca Attested 1492 CE Guanahatabey Attested 1492 CE Guane Attested 1492 CE Guarasugwe Attested 1492 CE Guarayo Attested 1492 CE Guarijío/Guarijó Attested 1492 CE Guasaves/Tamazulas Attested 1492 CE Guató Attested 1492 CE Guaycura Attested 1492 CE Guenoa-Muinanes Attested 1492 CE Guna of Madugandí Attested 1492 CE Guna of Wargandí Attested 1492 CE Guna Yala Attested 1492 CE Gunadule (Kuna-Tule) Attested 1492 CE Günün a atük (Günün a küna) Attested 1492 CE Gwa’Sala-‘Nakwaxda’xw Attested 1492 CE Gwich'in Nành Attested 1492 CE Gwitch'in Settlement Region Attested 1492 CE Ha Shuta Enima (Mazateco) Attested 1492 CE Hach Winik (Lacandon) Attested 1492 CE Haida Gwaii Attested 1492 CE Halalt Attested 1492 CE Halíti Attested 1492 CE Hammonassets Attested 1492 CE Hän Attested 1492 CE Hanis Coos Attested 1492 CE Harakbut Attested 1492 CE Hatteras Attested 1492 CE Havasu Baaja (Havasupai) Attested 1492 CE Heiltsuk Attested 1492 CE Henîa-Kamiare Attested 1492 CE Hesquiaht Attested 1492 CE Hi Ui (Pame/Chichimeco Jonaz) Attested 1492 CE Hia-Ced O'odham Attested 1492 CE Hiaitsiihi Attested 1492 CE Hixkaryana Attested 1492 CE Hñähñu (Otomí) Attested 1492 CE Ho-de-no-sau-nee-ga (Haudenosaunee) Attested 1492 CE Holikachuk Attested 1492 CE Homalco Attested 1492 CE Hoocąk (Ho-Chunk) Attested 1492 CE Hoopa Attested 1492 CE Hoopa (Reservation) Attested 1492 CE Hopewell Attested 1492 CE Hopitutskwa Attested 1492 CE Hoti Attested 1492 CE Houma Attested 1492 CE – 1700 CE Hualapai Attested 1492 CE Huancas Attested 1492 CE Huarpe Attested 1492 CE Huasteco/Teenek Attested 1492 CE Huaylas Attested 1492 CE Huetar Attested 1492 CE Hul Kuhk’u Attested 1492 CE Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group Attested 1492 CE Huni Kuin Attested 1492 CE Hunkpapa Attested 1492 CE Hupacasath Attested 1492 CE Hupd'äh Attested 1492 CE Huu-ay-aht Attested 1492 CE I'târap Attested 1492 CE Ijku (Arhuaco) Attested 1492 CE Ikitu Attested 1492 CE Ikolen Attested 1492 CE Ikoots/Kunajts/Ikoojts (Huave) Attested 1492 CE Ikpeng Attested 1492 CE In-SHUCK-ch Attested 1492 CE Iñapari Attested 1492 CE Ineseño Attested 1492 CE Inga Attested 1492 CE Inikana/Kukama Kukamiria/Kokama Attested 1492 CE Inkal Awá Attested 1492 CE Inuit Attested 1492 CE Inupiat Attested 1492 CE Inuvialuit Attested 1492 CE Iogys Attested 1492 CE Iowa Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Iowa (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Irritilas/Lagunero Attested 1492 CE Ishir Tomárãho Attested 1492 CE Ishir Ybytoso Attested 1492 CE Iskonawa Attested 1492 CE Isle de Jean Charles Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Attested 1492 CE Itazipco Attested 1492 CE Itonama Attested 1492 CE Ixil Attested 1492 CE Jamamadi Attested 1492 CE Janos Attested 1492 CE Jaqaru Attested 1492 CE Jarawara Attested 1492 CE Jeaga Attested 1492 CE Jicarilla Apache Attested 1492 CE Jiwere Attested 1492 CE Jococobas Attested 1492 CE Juhup-Yuju/Yuhupdëh Attested 1492 CE Julimes Attested 1492 CE Juma (Kawahib) Attested 1492 CE Jumanos Attested 1492 CE Jupaú (Kawahib) Attested 1492 CE K’áálǫ Got’ine Attested 1492 CE K’asho Got’ine Attested 1492 CE K'iche' Attested 1492 CE K’ómoks Attested 1492 CE Ka:’yu:’k’t’h’/Che:k’tles7et’h’ Attested 1492 CE Ka'apor Attested 1492 CE Kacha Edze (Urarina) Attested 1492 CE Kadiwéu Attested 1492 CE Kaiabi Attested 1492 CE Kaimbé Attested 1492 CE Kaingang Attested 1492 CE Kakataibo Attested 1492 CE Kakinte Attested 1492 CE Kalapalo Attested 1492 CE Kalapuya Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Kalina/Kariña Attested 1492 CE Kalinago (Island Carib) Attested 1492 CE Kalispel Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Kallawaya Attested 1492 CE Kamaiurá Attested 1492 CE Kambeba/Omagua Attested 1492 CE Kamejeya (Yukuna) Attested 1492 CE Kamëntsá Attested 1492 CE Kañari Attested 1492 CE Kanas Attested 1492 CE Kandozi Attested 1492 CE Kanienʼkehá꞉ka (Mohawk) Attested 1492 CE Kankuamo Attested 1492 CE Kantaruré Attested 1492 CE Kapanawa Attested 1492 CE Kaqchikel Attested 1492 CE Karajá do Norte Attested 1492 CE Karanka Attested 1492 CE Karankawa Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Karanki Attested 1492 CE Karapana/Muteamasa Attested 1492 CE Karijona Attested 1492 CE Karkin Attested 1492 CE Karuk Attested 1492 CE Kashaya Attested 1492 CE Kashtik Attested 1492 CE Kaska Dena Kayeh Attested 1492 CE Kaskaskia Attested 1492 CE Kathlamet Attested 1492 CE Katukina Attested 1492 CE Kauwets'a:ka Attested 1492 CE Kaw (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Kawahib (Jiahui) Attested 1492 CE Kawahib (Parintintin) Attested 1492 CE Kawahib (Tenharim) Attested 1492 CE Kawaiisu Attested 1492 CE Kawashkar Attested 1492 CE Kaxarari Attested 1492 CE Kaxixó Attested 1492 CE Kayambi Attested 1492 CE Kecoughtan Attested 1492 CE Kelly Lake Metis Settlement Society Attested 1492 CE Ket Chonhab’ Kob’a (Chuj) Attested 1492 CE Keyauwee Attested 1492 CE Kichwa Attested 1492 CE Kichwa (Amazónico) Attested 1492 CE Kichwa del Río Napo Attested 1492 CE Kichwa del Río Pastaza Attested 1492 CE Kichwa del Río Tigre Attested 1492 CE Kichwa Lamista Attested 1492 CE Kichwa Santarrosino Attested 1492 CE Kickapoo (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Kiikaapoi (Kickapoo) Attested 1492 CE KiKiallus Attested 1492 CE Kiliwa Attested 1492 CE Killaka Asanajaqi Attested 1492 CE Kinja Attested 1492 CE Kiowa-Comanche-Apache (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Kiriri Attested 1492 CE Kisapincha Attested 1492 CE Kisêdjê Attested 1492 CE Kiskiack Attested 1492 CE Kitanemuk Attested 1492 CE Kitasoo/Xai'xais Attested 1492 CE Kitsé Cha’tnio (Chatino) Attested 1492 CE Kitselas Attested 1492 CE Kitsumkalum Attested 1492 CE Kitu Kara Attested 1492 CE Kizh Attested 1492 CE Kl'bal Pom Wintu Attested 1492 CE Klahoose Attested 1492 CE Klamath Attested 1492 CE Kluane Attested 1492 CE Kō Hawaiʻi Paeʻāina (Hawaiian Kingdom) Attested 1492 CE Koasati (Coushatta) Attested 1492 CE Kogui/Kaggabba Attested 1492 CE Kojomk'awi (Konkow) Attested 1492 CE Kolla Attested 1492 CE Kolla-Atacameño Attested 1492 CE Konnaack Attested 1492 CE Konomihu Attested 1492 CE kòréβahώ (korebaju/Koreguaje) Attested 1492 CE Korubo Attested 1492 CE Koyukon Attested 1492 CE Krenak Attested 1492 CE Krenyê Attested 1492 CE Krĩcatijê Attested 1492 CE Kriol Attested 1492 CE Ktunaxa ɁamakɁis Attested 1492 CE Kubéwa/Cubeo Attested 1492 CE Kulina Pano Attested 1492 CE Kumeyaay Attested 1492 CE Kurâ Attested 1492 CE Kuruaya Attested 1492 CE Kusso Attested 1492 CE Kuuvuan KaNianiq Attested 1492 CE Kuyam Attested 1492 CE Kwakwaka'wakw Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Kwanlin Dün Attested 1492 CE Kwantlen Attested 1492 CE Kwazá Attested 1492 CE Kwikwetlem Attested 1492 CE Laklanõ Attested 1492 CE Lassik Attested 1492 CE Leco Attested 1492 CE Lemhi-Shoshone Attested 1492 CE Lenca Attested 1492 CE Lənape Haki-nk (Lenni-Lenape) Attested 1492 CE Lhaq’temish (Lummi) Attested 1492 CE Lheidli T'enneh Attested 1492 CE Lickanantay Attested 1492 CE Lil'wat Attested 1492 CE Lingít Aaní (Tlingit) Attested 1492 CE Lipi Attested 1492 CE Lokono (Arawak) Attested 1492 CE Lower Chinook Attested 1492 CE Lower Tohono O’odham (Lower Pima) Attested 1492 CE Luckiamute Attested 1492 CE Lule Attested 1492 CE Lumbee Attested 1492 CE Lumnanas Attested 1492 CE ɬaʔamɩn gɩǰɛ (Tla'amin/Sliammon) Attested 1492 CE ƛaʔuukʷiʔatḥ (Tla-o-qui-aht) Attested 1492 CE Macorix Attested 1492 CE Macuxi Attested 1492 CE Madija Attested 1492 CE Magüta/Ticuna Attested 1492 CE Maijuna Attested 1492 CE Maká Attested 1492 CE Makah Attested 1492 CE Makurap Attested 1492 CE Malacatos Attested 1492 CE Malécu Attested 1492 CE Manahoac Attested 1492 CE Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Attested 1492 CE Mánekenk/Haush Attested 1492 CE Manoki Attested 1492 CE Manteño-Huancavilca Attested 1492 CE Marinahua Attested 1492 CE Marubo Attested 1492 CE Mashco Piro Attested 1492 CE Massa-adchu-es-et (Massachusett) Attested 1492 CE Massacoes Attested 1492 CE Massawomeck Attested 1492 CE Matagalpa/Cacaopera Attested 1492 CE Matawai Attested 1492 CE Matecumbe Attested 1492 CE Matetamãe/Cinta Larga Attested 1492 CE Matlatzinco/matlatzinteca Attested 1492 CE Matlatzinco/Tlahuica/Ocuiltec Attested 1492 CE Matses (Matis) Attested 1492 CE Matsés (Mayoruna) Attested 1492 CE Matsigenka Attested 1492 CE Mattamuskeet Attested 1492 CE Mattaponi Attested 1492 CE Mattole Attested 1492 CE Maxakalí Attested 1492 CE Maya Yucateco Attested 1492 CE Mayaimi Attested 1492 CE Mayangna Attested 1492 CE Mazahua Attested 1492 CE Mbya Attested 1492 CE Mdewakanton Attested 1492 CE Me-Wuk (Bay Miwok) Attested 1492 CE Me-Wuk (Central Sierra Miwok) Attested 1492 CE Me-Wuk (Coast Miwok) Attested 1492 CE Me-Wuk (Lake Miwok) Attested 1492 CE Me-Wuk (Northern Sierra Miwok) Attested 1492 CE Me-Wuk (Southern Sierra Miwok) Attested 1492 CE Me̱'pha̱a̱ (Tlapaneco) Attested 1492 CE Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) Attested 1492 CE Mechoopda Attested 1492 CE Meherrin Attested 1492 CE Mehin Attested 1492 CE Mehinako Attested 1492 CE Menominee Attested 1492 CE Mescalero Apache Attested 1492 CE Meškwahki·aša·hina (Fox) Attested 1492 CE Methow Attested 1492 CE Mexicanero (Nahuas) Attested 1492 CE Mexihcah (Triple Alliance) Attested 1492 CE Mi'kma'ki Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Miami (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Miccosukee Attested 1492 CE Michif Piyii (Métis) Attested 1492 CE Micqanaqa’n Attested 1492 CE Miluk Coos Attested 1492 CE Miranha Attested 1492 CE Misak Attested 1492 CE Miskito Attested 1492 CE Mississauga Attested 1492 CE Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation Attested 1492 CE Miwkoʔ Waaliʔ Attested 1492 CE Mnicoujou Attested 1492 CE Mochó Attested 1492 CE Modoc Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Modoc (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Mohawk (Kalapuya) Attested 1492 CE Mohegan Attested 1492 CE Mohican Attested 1492 CE Mojeño Attested 1492 CE Mokaná Attested 1492 CE Molalla Attested 1492 CE Monacan Attested 1492 CE Moneton Attested 1492 CE Monqui Attested 1492 CE Moose Cree Attested 1492 CE Mopan Attested 1492 CE Moqoit Attested 1492 CE Moratok Attested 1492 CE Moraughtacund Attested 1492 CE Moregena Attested 1492 CE Moses/Columbia Attested 1492 CE Mosetén Attested 1492 CE Mount Tabor Indian Community Attested 1492 CE Mountain Maidu Attested 1492 CE Mountain Métis Attested 1492 CE Movima Attested 1492 CE Muckleshoot Attested 1492 CE Muina Murui / Murui-Muinanɨ Attested 1492 CE Multnomah Attested 1492 CE Mundurukânia (Wuy jugu) Attested 1492 CE Muniche Attested 1492 CE Munsee Lenape Attested 1492 CE Muscogee (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Musgamagw Dzawada'enuxw Attested 1492 CE Muteamasa (Karapanã) Attested 1492 CE Muwekma Attested 1492 CE Mvskoke (Muscogee / Creek) Attested 1492 CE Myaamia Attested 1492 CE Na-cho Nyak Dun Attested 1492 CE Náayerite (Cora) Attested 1492 CE Nacotchtank (Anacostan) Attested 1492 CE Nadleh Whut'en Attested 1492 CE Nadöb Attested 1492 CE Nahua Attested 1492 CE Nahua ( Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi) Attested 1492 CE Nahua (Guerrero) Attested 1492 CE Nahua (Mexico) Attested 1492 CE Nahua (Michoacan) Attested 1492 CE Nahuas Attested 1492 CE Nambikwara Attested 1492 CE Nandtaughtacund Attested 1492 CE Nanrantsouak Attested 1492 CE Nansemond Attested 1492 CE Nanti Attested 1492 CE Narragansett Attested 1492 CE Nasa Attested 1492 CE Natabuela Attested 1492 CE Natchez Attested 1492 CE – 1700 CE Natchitoches Attested 1492 CE Nauset Attested 1492 CE Nawa Attested 1492 CE Ndé Kónitsąąíí Gokíyaa (Lipan Apache) Attested 1492 CE Ndee/Nnēē: (Western Apache) Attested 1492 CE Nehalem Attested 1492 CE Nentego (Nanticoke) Attested 1492 CE Nespelem Attested 1492 CE Nestucca Attested 1492 CE Neusiok Attested 1492 CE New River Shasta Attested 1492 CE Newe (Western Shoshone) Attested 1492 CE Ngi-iva (Popoloca) Attested 1492 CE Nicarao/Nahoa Attested 1492 CE Niitsítpiis-stahkoii ᖹᐟᒧᐧᐨᑯᐧ ᓴᐦᖾᐟ (Blackfoot / Niitsítapi ᖹᐟᒧᐧᒣᑯ) Attested 1492 CE Nimiipuu (Nez Perce) Attested 1492 CE Nipmuc Attested 1492 CE Nisenan Attested 1492 CE Nisg̱a'a Attested 1492 CE Nisqually Attested 1492 CE Nitaskinan (Atikamekw / Nehirowisi Aski) Attested 1492 CE Nitassinan (Innu) Attested 1492 CE Niúachi Attested 1492 CE Nivaclé Attested 1492 CE Nłeʔkepmx Tmíxʷ (Nlaka'pamux) Attested 1492 CE No'iria Attested 1492 CE Nom Sus Wintu Attested 1492 CE Nom Ti Pom Wintu Attested 1492 CE Nomatsigenga Attested 1492 CE Nomlaki Attested 1492 CE Nongatl Attested 1492 CE Nonuya Attested 1492 CE Nor Rel Muk Wintu Attested 1492 CE Northeastern Pomo Attested 1492 CE Northern Pomo Attested 1492 CE Northern Yuki Attested 1492 CE np̓əšqʷáw̓səxʷ (Wenatchi) Attested 1492 CE Nükak Makü Attested 1492 CE Nukini Attested 1492 CE Numu (Northern Paiute) Attested 1492 CE Nunatsiavut Attested 1492 CE NunatuKavut Attested 1492 CE Nunavik Attested 1492 CE Ñuu Savi (Mixtecapan) Attested 1492 CE Núu-agha-tʉvʉ-pʉ̱ (Ute) Attested 1492 CE nuučaan̓uuɫɁatḥ nism̓a (Nuu-chah-nulth) Attested 1492 CE Nuwhaha Attested 1492 CE Nuwuvi (Southern Paiute) Attested 1492 CE Nüwüwü (Chemehuevi) Attested 1492 CE Nuxalk Attested 1492 CE Nuxwsa'7aq (Nooksack) Attested 1492 CE Nʉmʉnʉʉ (Comanche) Attested 1492 CE NWT Métis Nation Attested 1492 CE Nyvukagmit (Naukan) Attested 1492 CE O-ga-xpa Ma-zhoⁿ (O-ga-xpa) Attested 1492 CE O’ de püt/Angpøn (Zoque) Attested 1492 CE O'odham Jeweḍ Attested 1492 CE Obispeño Attested 1492 CE Occaneechi Attested 1492 CE Occohannock Attested 1492 CE Očhéthi Šakówiŋ Attested 1492 CE Ocloya Attested 1492 CE Odawa Attested 1492 CE Odǫhwęja:deˀ (Cayuga) Attested 1492 CE Ofaié Attested 1492 CE Oglala Attested 1492 CE Ohlone Attested 1492 CE Okanagan Attested 1492 CE Okwanuchu Attested 1492 CE Omaguaca Attested 1492 CE Omàmìwininìwag (Algonquin) Attested 1492 CE Onawmanient Attested 1492 CE Onöndowa'ga:' (Seneca) Attested 1492 CE Onundagaonoga (Onondaga) Attested 1492 CE Onʌyote'a•ka (Oneida) Attested 1492 CE Oohenumpa Attested 1492 CE Ópata (Tegüima-Eudebe-Hoba) Attested 1492 CE Opelousas Attested 1492 CE Opiscopank Attested 1492 CE Oro Win/Oro Towati’ Attested 1492 CE Osage Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Osage (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Otavalo Attested 1492 CE Otoe-Missouri (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Otoe-Missouria (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Ottawa (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE oθaakiiwaki‧hina‧ki (Sauk) Attested 1492 CE P’urhépecha Attested 1492 CE Pacahuara Attested 1492 CE Pacamoro Attested 1492 CE Pacaxes Attested 1492 CE Pacheedaht Attested 1492 CE Paipai (Akwa'ala) Attested 1492 CE Pakajaqi Attested 1492 CE Palouse Attested 1492 CE Paltas Attested 1492 CE Pamlico (Pomouik) Attested 1492 CE Pamoari Attested 1492 CE Pamunkey Attested 1492 CE Panará Attested 1492 CE Pankará Attested 1492 CE Pankararu Attested 1492 CE Panzaleo Attested 1492 CE Pâri (Pawnee) Attested 1492 CE Parikwene Attested 1492 CE Parkatejê Attested 1492 CE Pascua Yaqui Attested 1492 CE Paspahegh Attested 1492 CE Passamaquoddy Attested 1492 CE Pasto Attested 1492 CE Patamona/Ingarikó Attested 1492 CE Patawomeck Attested 1492 CE Pataxó Attested 1492 CE Pataxó Hã-Hã-Hãe Attested 1492 CE Patwin Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Paugussett Attested 1492 CE Pawnee (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Pawtucket Attested 1492 CE Payómkawichum (Luiseño) Attested 1492 CE Pech Attested 1492 CE Pee Dee Attested 1492 CE Pemón Attested 1492 CE Pennacook Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Penobscot Attested 1492 CE Pentucket Attested 1492 CE Peoria Attested 1492 CE Peoria (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Pequawket Attested 1492 CE Pequonnock Attested 1492 CE Pequot Attested 1492 CE Pericú Attested 1492 CE Perquimans Attested 1492 CE Pescado Attested 1492 CE Petun Attested 1492 CE Piipaash (Maricopa) Attested 1492 CE Pijao Attested 1492 CE Pilagal'ek Attested 1492 CE Pipa Aha Macav (Mojave) Attested 1492 CE Pisamira Attested 1492 CE Piscataway Attested 1492 CE Pissaseck Attested 1492 CE Pit River Attested 1492 CE Plains Miwok Attested 1492 CE Pocomoke Attested 1492 CE Pocumtuc Attested 1492 CE Podunks Attested 1492 CE Pokanoket Attested 1492 CE Ponca Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Ponca (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Popeloutchom (Amah Mutsun) Attested 1492 CE Popoluca (mixe-zoque) Attested 1492 CE Popti' Attested 1492 CE Popũkare Attested 1492 CE Poqomam Attested 1492 CE Poqomchi’ Attested 1492 CE Poquonook Attested 1492 CE Potawatomi-Shawnee (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Poteskeet Attested 1492 CE Powhatan Attested 1492 CE Pueblos Attested 1492 CE Puinave Attested 1492 CE Purehno Attested 1492 CE Puri Attested 1492 CE Puruborá Attested 1492 CE Puruwá Attested 1492 CE Puyallup Attested 1492 CE Puyanawa Attested 1492 CE pʌʌsíʌhʌ (Andoque/Paasiaja) Attested 1492 CE Pykopcatejê Attested 1492 CE Q'anjob'al Attested 1492 CE Q'eqchi' Attested 1492 CE Q'ero Attested 1492 CE Qayqayt Attested 1492 CE Qhara Qhara Attested 1492 CE Quatsino Attested 1492 CE Quechan (Kwatsáan) Attested 1492 CE Quechua Attested 1492 CE Queets Attested 1492 CE Quileute Attested 1492 CE Quillacinga Attested 1492 CE Quinault Attested 1492 CE Quinnipiac Attested 1492 CE Quiyoughcohannock Attested 1492 CE Quuiich (Lower Umpqua) Attested 1492 CE Quw'utsun Attested 1492 CE Qwû'lh-hwai-pûm (Klickitat) Attested 1492 CE Rama Attested 1492 CE Ramaytush Attested 1492 CE Rankülche Attested 1492 CE Rappahannock Attested 1492 CE Rarámuri (Tarahumara-Guarijio) Attested 1492 CE Rayados (Borrados) Attested 1492 CE Resígaro Attested 1492 CE Resighini Rancheria (Yurok) Attested 1492 CE Rikbaktsá Attested 1492 CE Roanoke Attested 1492 CE Rumsen Attested 1492 CE Runixa Ngiigua (Chocho) Attested 1492 CE S’atsoyaha (Yuchi) Attested 1492 CE S'Klallam Attested 1492 CE S’ólh Téméxw (Stó:lō) Attested 1492 CE Sac and Fox (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Sacapultec Attested 1492 CE Sahtu Dene and Metis Attested 1492 CE Sahtú Got’ine Attested 1492 CE Sakurabiat Attested 1492 CE Salasaka Attested 1492 CE Salinan Attested 1492 CE Salish & Kootenai Tribes Attested 1492 CE Salish Kootenai (Flathead) Attested 1492 CE Salmon River Attested 1492 CE Saluda Attested 1492 CE Samish Attested 1492 CE San Carlos Apache Attested 1492 CE San Poil Attested 1492 CE Sana Attested 1492 CE Sanapaná Attested 1492 CE Sanavirones Attested 1492 CE Santee Attested 1492 CE – 1700 CE Santiam Attested 1492 CE Sapara Attested 1492 CE Sappony Attested 1492 CE Saraguro Attested 1492 CE Sataré-Mawé Attested 1492 CE Sauk and Meskwaki Attested 1492 CE Sauk Suiattle Attested 1492 CE Saura Attested 1492 CE sc̓əwaθenaɁɬ təməxʷ (Tsawwassen) Attested 1492 CE Schitsu’umsh (Coeur d’Alene) Attested 1492 CE sdukʷalbixʷ (Snoqualmie) Attested 1492 CE Secotan Attested 1492 CE Secwepemcúl'ecw (Secwépemc) Attested 1492 CE Sekakawon Attested 1492 CE Selk'nam Attested 1492 CE Selkirk Attested 1492 CE Semiahmoo Attested 1492 CE Seminole Attested 1492 CE Seminole (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Seminole Tribe of Florida (Big Cypress Reservation) Attested 1492 CE Seminole Tribe of Florida (Brighton Reservation) Attested 1492 CE Seminole Tribe of Florida (Hollywood Reservation) Attested 1492 CE Seminole Tribe of Florida (Immokalee Reservation) Attested 1492 CE Seminole Tribe of Florida (Tampa Reservation) Attested 1492 CE Seneca-Cayuga (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Sewee Attested 1492 CE səl̓ilwətaɁɬ təməxʷ (Tsleil-Waututh) Attested 1492 CE Shakori Attested 1492 CE Shanenawa Attested 1492 CE Sharanahua Attested 1492 CE Shasta Attested 1492 CE Shawanaua Attested 1492 CE Shawandasse Tula (Shawanwaki/Shawnee) Attested 1492 CE Shawi Attested 1492 CE Shigom Attested 1492 CE Shipibo-Konibo Attested 1492 CE Shíshálh Attested 1492 CE Shita Got’ine Attested 1492 CE Shiwiar Attested 1492 CE Shiwilu Attested 1492 CE Shiwinna (Zuni) Attested 1492 CE Shmuwich (Barbareño) Attested 1492 CE Shoalwater Bay Attested 1492 CE Shoshone-Bannock Attested 1492 CE Shuar-Wampis Attested 1492 CE Sicangu Attested 1492 CE Sicaog (Saukiog) Attested 1492 CE Siekopa’aiInte/Aido-Pãi (Secoya) Attested 1492 CE Siginygmit (Sireniki) Yupik Attested 1492 CE Sihapsa Attested 1492 CE Siletz Attested 1492 CE Sinkyone Attested 1492 CE Siria-masã (Siriano) Attested 1492 CE Sirionó Attested 1492 CE Sisseton Attested 1492 CE Sissipahaw Attested 1492 CE Siuslaw Attested 1492 CE Sivuqaq (St. Lawrence Island) Yupik Attested 1492 CE Skagit Attested 1492 CE Skaruhreh/Tuscarora (North Carolina) Attested 1492 CE Skilloot Attested 1492 CE Skwxwú7mesh-ulh Temíx̱w (Squamish) Attested 1492 CE Skykomish Attested 1492 CE Slijuala Xanuc (Chontal) Attested 1492 CE Snohomish Attested 1492 CE Snuneymuxw Attested 1492 CE snʕickstx tmxʷúlaʔxʷ (Sinixt) Attested 1492 CE So'to (Yekuana) Attested 1492 CE Sobaipuri Attested 1492 CE Somi Se'k (Esto’k Gna) Attested 1492 CE Southeastern Pomo Attested 1492 CE Southern Pomo Attested 1492 CE Spokane Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE sq̓əc̓iy̓aɁɬ təməxʷ (Katzie) Attested 1492 CE Squaxin Attested 1492 CE St̓át̓imc Tmicw (St'at'imc) Attested 1492 CE Steilacoom Attested 1492 CE Stellat'en Attested 1492 CE Stillaguamish Attested 1492 CE Stoney Attested 1492 CE Sturgeon Lake Cree Attested 1492 CE Stz'uminus Attested 1492 CE Subtiaba Attested 1492 CE Sugaree Attested 1492 CE Sumas Attested 1492 CE Suquamish Attested 1492 CE Sura Attested 1492 CE Surui Paiter Attested 1492 CE Suruwaha Attested 1492 CE Susquehannock Attested 1492 CE Swinomish Attested 1492 CE šxʷməθkʷəy̓əmaɁɬ təməxʷ (Musqueam) Attested 1492 CE Syilx tmixʷ (Okanagan) Attested 1492 CE Ta'an Kwäch'än Attested 1492 CE Tacana Attested 1492 CE Tagé Cho Hudän (Little Salmon/Carmacks) Attested 1492 CE Tagish Attested 1492 CE Tahues Attested 1492 CE Takelma Attested 1492 CE Takla Attested 1492 CE Taku River Tlingit Attested 1492 CE Tāłtān Konelīne (Tahltan) Attested 1492 CE Tama Dujo Attested 1492 CE Tamaulipeco tribes Attested 1492 CE Tamien Nation Attested 1492 CE Tampachoa (Mansos) Attested 1492 CE Tanacross Attested 1492 CE Tanana Attested 1492 CE Tanimuka Attested 1492 CE Taos Pueblo Attested 1492 CE Tapachulteco (mixe-zoque) Attested 1492 CE Tapieté/Guaraní-Ñandeva Attested 1492 CE Tariana Attested 1492 CE Tastil Attested 1492 CE Tawahka Attested 1492 CE Tawakoni Attested 1492 CE Te’mexw Treaty Association Attested 1492 CE Tecuexe Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Tekohá (Guarani) Attested 1492 CE Tekohá (Ñandeva - Avá Guaraní) Attested 1492 CE Tekohá (Paĩ Tavytera/Kaiowá) Attested 1492 CE Tenetehara (Tembé) Attested 1492 CE Tenino Attested 1492 CE Tepehua Attested 1492 CE Tepehuán Attested 1492 CE Tequesta Attested 1492 CE Terena Attested 1492 CE Teslin Tlingit Council (BC) Attested 1492 CE Teslin Tlingit Council (Yukon) Attested 1492 CE Tetlit Gwich’in Attested 1492 CE Tigua Attested 1492 CE Tilian Attested 1492 CE Tillamook Attested 1492 CE Timotes Attested 1492 CE Timucua Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Tinigua Attested 1492 CE Tjer-di/Teribe Broram Attested 1492 CE Tłı̨chǫ Ndè Attested 1492 CE Toara Attested 1492 CE Toba-Lengua Attested 1492 CE Tobosos Attested 1492 CE Tocobaga Attested 1492 CE Tohono O'odham Attested 1492 CE Tojolwinik’otik (Tojolabal) Attested 1492 CE Tolowa Dee-ni’ Attested 1492 CE Tolupan Attested 1492 CE Tomabela Attested 1492 CE Tongva Attested 1492 CE Tonkawa Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Tonkawa (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Tonokoté Attested 1492 CE Tontotuna (Totoró) Attested 1492 CE Toquaht Attested 1492 CE Toromona Attested 1492 CE Totonac Attested 1492 CE Totonaco Attested 1492 CE Totorames Attested 1492 CE Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in Attested 1492 CE Trio/Wü tarëno Attested 1492 CE Trumai Attested 1492 CE Ts'msyen La̱xyuup (Tsimshian) Attested 1492 CE Ts’uubaa-asatx Attested 1492 CE Tsa'chila Attested 1492 CE Tsankupi Attested 1492 CE Tsase/Piapoco Attested 1492 CE Tse’khene Attested 1492 CE Tseshaht Attested 1492 CE Tŝilhqot’in Nen Attested 1492 CE Tsimane’ Attested 1492 CE Tsnungwe Attested 1492 CE Tsuu T'ina Attested 1492 CE Tübatulabal Attested 1492 CE Tulalip Attested 1492 CE Tumbalalá Attested 1492 CE Tunica Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Tunxis Attested 1492 CE Tupari Attested 1492 CE Tupinambá Attested 1492 CE Tuscarora Attested 1492 CE Tutelo Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Tututni Attested 1492 CE Tuxá Attested 1492 CE Twana/Skokomish Attested 1492 CE Tz'utujil Attested 1492 CE Tzjon Non/ Tzo'tyio (Amuzgo) Attested 1492 CE U'wa Attested 1492 CE Uchucklesaht Attested 1492 CE Ucluelet Attested 1492 CE Ukarãngmã Attested 1492 CE Ulwas Attested 1492 CE Umoⁿhoⁿ (Omaha) Attested 1492 CE Umukomasã/Desana Attested 1492 CE Umurecoómajá (Tatuyo) Attested 1492 CE Unangam Tanangin (Unangax̂ /Aleut) Attested 1492 CE Ungazigmit (Chaplino) Yupik Attested 1492 CE Upper Kuskokwim Attested 1492 CE Upper Tanana Attested 1492 CE Uru Attested 1492 CE Uspantec Attested 1492 CE Utapinõmakãphõná Attested 1492 CE Uwottüja Attested 1492 CE Vacacocha Attested 1492 CE Vanyumé Attested 1492 CE Vilela Attested 1492 CE Vuntut Gwitchin Attested 1492 CE Wabanaki (Dawnland Confederacy) Attested 1492 CE Waccamaw (Woccon) Attested 1492 CE Waco Attested 1492 CE Wahkiakum Attested 1492 CE Wahpekute Attested 1492 CE Wahpeton Attested 1492 CE Waíkhana Attested 1492 CE Wailaki Attested 1492 CE Waípinõmakã (Bará) Attested 1492 CE Waiwai Attested 1492 CE Wajuru Attested 1492 CE Wakuenai/Walimanai (Kuripako) Attested 1492 CE Walimanai (Baniwa) Attested 1492 CE Wallmapu (Mapuche) Attested 1492 CE Wanano/Kotiria Attested 1492 CE Wanapum Attested 1492 CE Wangunks Attested 1492 CE Waorani Attested 1492 CE Wapishana/Wapixana Attested 1492 CE Wappinger Attested 1492 CE Wappo Attested 1492 CE Waranka Attested 1492 CE Warao Attested 1492 CE Warekena Attested 1492 CE Wari Attested 1492 CE Wari’ Attested 1492 CE Warraskoyack Attested 1492 CE Wasco and Wishram Attested 1492 CE Washtáge Moⁿzháⁿ (Kaw / Kansa) Attested 1492 CE Wašišiw Ɂítdeʔ (Washoe) Attested 1492 CE Wateree Attested 1492 CE Waujá Attested 1492 CE Waxhaw Attested 1492 CE Wayana Attested 1492 CE Waymaq Attested 1492 CE Wayúu Attested 1492 CE We Wai Kai Attested 1492 CE We Wai Kum Attested 1492 CE Weenhayek Attested 1492 CE Weenhayek/Wichí Attested 1492 CE Wendake-Nionwentsïo Attested 1492 CE Wenrohronon Attested 1492 CE Werowocomoco Attested 1492 CE Western Mono/Monache Attested 1492 CE Western Nehântick Attested 1492 CE Westo Attested 1492 CE Wet'suwet'en Yintikh Attested 1492 CE Weyanock Attested 1492 CE Whilkut Attested 1492 CE White Mountain Apache Attested 1492 CE White River-Kluane Attested 1492 CE Wichita Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Wichita-Caddo-Delaware (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Wicocomico Attested 1492 CE Willapa Attested 1492 CE Winaq Qo’ (Mam) Attested 1492 CE Winefelly Attested 1492 CE Winik Atel (Tzeltal) Attested 1492 CE Winikon bä lojon/Xk’ukwits/Ajlumob/Otulob (Ch'ol) Attested 1492 CE Winnimem Wintu Attested 1492 CE Wintʰu• Po•m (Northern Wintu) Attested 1492 CE Winyah Attested 1492 CE Wisijsa Attested 1492 CE Wiwa Attested 1492 CE Wixárika (Huichol) Attested 1492 CE WiYaPeMiAk (Weapemeoc-Yeopim) Attested 1492 CE Wiyot Attested 1492 CE Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk (Maliseet) Attested 1492 CE Woodland Cree Attested 1492 CE Wôpanâak (Wampanoag) Attested 1492 CE Wounaan Attested 1492 CE Wuikinuxv (Oweekeno) Attested 1492 CE Wyandot (Anderdon) Attested 1492 CE Wyandotte (Oklahoma) Attested 1492 CE Xakriabá Attested 1492 CE Xawiƚƚ kwñchawaay (Cocopah) Attested 1492 CE x̣àʼisla w̓áwís (Haisla) Attested 1492 CE Xetá Attested 1492 CE Xinca Attested 1492 CE Xixime Attested 1492 CE Yagán Attested 1492 CE Yahooskin Attested 1492 CE Yakama Attested 1492 CE Yakina Attested 1492 CE Yamassee Attested 1492 CE Yamayeka (Yamaye) Attested 1492 CE Yamhill Attested 1492 CE Yaminawá Attested 1492 CE Yana Attested 1492 CE Yanam (Ninam) Attested 1492 CE Yanesha Attested 1492 CE Yankton Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Yanktonai Attested 1492 CE Yanomami Attested 1492 CE Yaros Attested 1492 CE Yaruro/Pumé Attested 1492 CE Yavapaiv Apache Attested 1492 CE Yawanawá Attested 1492 CE Yazne Attested 1492 CE Ye"pâ-masa Attested 1492 CE Yeba-masã Attested 1492 CE Yekooche Attested 1492 CE Yeopim Attested 1492 CE Yihamwo (Yagua) Attested 1492 CE Yine Attested 1492 CE Yjxa Attested 1492 CE Yoeme (Yaqui) Attested 1492 CE Yoko T’aan (Chontal) Attested 1492 CE Yokuts Attested 1492 CE – 1715 CE Yoli (Concho) Attested 1492 CE Yoncalla Attested 1492 CE Yoreme (Mayo) Attested 1492 CE Youghtanund Attested 1492 CE Yudjá Attested 1492 CE Yuhaviatam/Maarenga’yam (Serrano) Attested 1492 CE Yukpa Attested 1492 CE Yup'ik & Cup'ik Attested 1492 CE – 1800 CE Yuracaré Attested 1492 CE Yurí Attested 1492 CE Yurok Attested 1492 CE Yurutí Attested 1492 CE Zacateco  Attested 1492 CE Zenú Attested 1492 CE ZioBain (Siona) Attested 1492 CE Zo’é Attested 1492 CE Zoró/Pangyjej Attested 1492 CE ᏣᎳᎫᏪᏘᏱ Tsalaguwetiyi (Cherokee, East) Attested 1492 CE ᒋᑦ ᐊᔅᒋᓄᐤ St'aschinuw (Naskapi) Attested 1492 CE ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐤ ᐊᐢᑭᕀ Nêhiyaw-Askiy (Plains Cree) Attested 1492 CE Algonquin Attested 1500 CE Apache Attested 1500 CE – 1600 CE Bella Attested 1500 CE Cherookee Attested 1500 CE Comanche Attested 1500 CE – 1715 CE Coqs Attested 1500 CE Crow Attested 1500 CE – 1715 CE Delaware Attested 1500 CE – 1600 CE Hopi Attested 1500 CE Huron Attested 1500 CE Iroquois Attested 1500 CE – 1715 CE Navajo Attested 1500 CE Nez Perce Attested 1500 CE – 1715 CE Pomo Attested 1500 CE – 1715 CE Portuguese Brazil 1500 CE – 1815 CE Tlinoit Attested 1500 CE

Oceania · 12

Aboriginal Tasmanians Attested 3000 BCE – 1800 CE Polynesian peoples Attested 3000 BCE – 1200 CE Australian aboriginal hunter-gatherers Attested 2000 BCE – 1815 CE Tasmanian hunter-gatherers Attested 2000 BCE – 1715 CE Mataram Attested 600 CE – 900 CE Papou Attested 800 CE – 1815 CE East Java Attested 1000 CE – 1200 CE Papuans Attested 1200 CE Kediri Attested 1279 CE – 1400 CE Māori Attested 1279 CE – 1900 CE Malaysian Islamic states Attested 1492 CE – 1600 CE Papua New Guinea Attested 1492 CE – 2026 CE

Elsewhere · 26

Finno-Ugric taiga hunter-gatherers Attested 2000 BCE – 1200 CE Ruanruan 330 CE – 555 CE Tuʻi Tonga Empire Attested 500 CE – 1815 CE Volga Bulgars 601 CE – 1240 CE Srivijaya Empire 650 CE – 1400 CE Karluks Attested 700 CE – 900 CE Samoyèdes Attested 700 CE Uyghurs Attested 700 CE Bashkirs Attested 800 CE Mari Attested 800 CE Mordvinians Attested 800 CE Permians Attested 800 CE Samanid Empire 819 CE – 999 CE Oghuz Turks Attested 900 CE Cuman-Kipchak confederation 1000 CE – 1241 CE Kimek-Kipchak khaganate Attested 1000 CE Peshemegs Attested 1000 CE Karkhanids Attested 1100 CE Cuman Khanates Attested 1200 CE Kara Khitai Khaganate Attested 1200 CE Chagatai Khanate 1225 CE – 1687 CE Golden Horde 1243 CE – 1502 CE Oirat Confederation 1399 CE – 1628 CE Kazan Khanate 1438 CE – 1552 CE Nogai Horde 1440 CE – 1715 CE Khanate of Sibir 1490 CE – 1598 CE